The Amiga sold for $1,295 (without monitor) and had audio and video capabilities beyond those found in most other personal computers. Shareware is a software program that is given away by the author for others to use free of charge. What is the Internet standard for how web pages are formatted and displayed? Remington Rand eventually sold 46 Univac 1s at more than $1 million each. Its chiclet keyboard was also criticized for poor ergonomics. Spectra systems were marketed on the basis of their compatibility with the IBM System/360 series of computer since it implemented the IBM 360 instruction set and could run most IBM software with little or no modification. Sold complete with a main logic board, switching power supply, keyboard, case, manual, game paddles, and cassette tape containing the game Breakout, the Apple-II finds popularity far beyond the hobbyist community which made up Apples user community until then. It was a commercial computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. Built by IBM using their Blue Gene/Q supercomputer architecture, the Sequoia system is the world's fastest supercomputer in 2012. The definition of a computer remained the same until the end of the 19th century, when the industrial revolution gave rise to mechanical machines whose primary purpose was . In October 1961, the Navy tested the NTDS on the USS Oriskany carrier and the USS King and USS Mahan frigates. The machines were used by the Chinese Academy of Sciences to run massive solar energy simulations, as well as some of the most complex molecular studies ever undertaken. The first IBM system to include Intels 80386 chip, the company ships more than 1 million units by the end of the first year. Wang sold the 2200 primarily through Value Added Resellers, who added special software to solve specific customer problems. Eventually, SABRE expanded, even making airline reservations available via on-line services such as CompuServe, Genie, and America Online. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. microcomputer Flashcards | Quizlet Combined with an enhanced bus interface unit, the microprocessor doubled the performance of the 386 without increasing the clock rate. Level. Which software was the first available for microcomputers? Columbia Supercomputer system made up of SGI Altix. Lisa itself, and especially its GUI, were inspired by earlier work at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center. Performing far better than the company projections of 3,000 units for the first year, in the first month after its release Tandy Radio Shacks first desktop computer the TRS-80 sells 10,000 units. (C) The Regent Corporation's microcomputer can be used in conjunction with higher-priced microcomputers manufactured by other companies. The TI 99/4 sold well and led to a series of TI follow-on machines. From concept to finished system, SCAMP took only six months to develop. server. It was believed that ENIAC had done more calculation over the ten years it was in operation than all of humanity had until that time. IBM's brand recognition, along with a massive marketing campaign, ignites the fast growth of the personal computer market with the announcement of its own personal computer (PC). FTCE Physical Education Certification Exam, Alan S. Willsky, Alan V. Oppenheim, Hamid Nawab, Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Statics and Dynamics, Brian Self, David Mazurek, E. Russell Johnston, Ferdinand Beer, Phillip Cornwell, 3.8.1 - Strategic direction: choosing which m, BCPS 2018: Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. Chapter 1 Microcomputer Applications Exam Flashcards | Quizlet See Answer. Tailored for online transaction processing, the Tandem-16 is one of the first commercial fault-tolerant computers. Foremost among its developments was Forresters perfection of magnetic core memory, which became the dominant form of high-speed random access memory for computers until the mid-1970s. Acorn's ARM RISC microprocessor is first used in the company's Archimedes computer system. The J-Phone line would quickly expand, releasing a flip-phone version just a month later. Its base price was $6,500. Windows NT was a version of Windows that included a graphical interface on top of a DOS kernel. Definition. How to Get Started Collecting Microcomputers - MUO Operational by 1964, it was not the first computerized reservation system, but it was well publicized and became very influential. Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface (GUI). The trio soon attracted UC Berkeley UNIX guru Bill Joy, who led software development. Because of its electronic, as opposed to electromechanical, technology, it is over 1,000 times faster than any previous computer. central processing unit (cpu) computers brain. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks. The astronauts were responsible for entering more than 10,000 commands into the AGC for each trip between Earth and the Moon. Atlas was the fastest computer in the world at the time and introduced the concept of virtual memory, that is, using a disk or drum as an extension of main memory. What is the general term for software whose source code is made available for free and permits users to use, change, and improve it? Mid-Term Exam | Digital Literacy Quiz - Quizizz - Quizizz The world Based on the Touchstone Delta computer Intel had built at Caltech, the Paragon is a parallel supercomputer that uses 2,048 (later increased to more than four thousand) Intel i860 processors. The original design included two memory boards and could generate and store 512 characters as 16 lines of 32 characters. Spinning at 12,500 rpm, the 650s magnetic data-storage drum allowed much faster access to stored information than other drum-based machines. It was the world's first commercial 16-bit minicomputer and 172 systems were sold. These are the two categories people usually use to describe tutorial software functions. With a screen resolution of up to 400 pixels-per-inch (PPI), Retina displays approached the limit of pixel visibility to the human eye. Microcomputers for Twenty-First Century Educators (Paperback, 4th ed) / Author: Lockard / Author: Abrams / Author: "Many ; 9780673524560 ; Educational resources & technology, Education, Social sciences, Books Steve Jobs, forced out of Apple in 1985, founds a new company NeXT. The first companies to produce a specific type of program had good sales even though they did little promotion and their programs were not "userfriendly." It seems that many of these "innovators . true. What is a distinguishing feature of instructional software? CS 130.132 - Microcomputer Software As Apples first new product under the leadership of a returning Steve Jobs, many consider this the most significant step in Apple's return from near-bankruptcy in the middle 1990s. A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. One of the earliest personal computers, the Kenbak-1 is advertised for $750 in Scientific American magazine. Started by a group of engineers that left Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), Data General designs the Nova minicomputer. Dubbed a Personal Data Assistant by Apple President John Scully in 1992, the Newton featured many of the features that would define handheld computers in the following decades. Download now! The PC era ended Wangs success, and it filed for bankruptcy in 1992. Initially, Franklin won a court victory allowing them to continue cloning the machines, but in 1988, Apple won a copyright lawsuit against Franklin, forcing them to stop making Apple II clones.. Which of the following is not one of the kinds of interaction that Moore said characterized online courses? The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Zojirushi Micom Electric Rice Many innovative programs were created for Johnniac, including the time-sharing system JOSS that allowed many users to simultaneously access the machine. Both faced strong competition from the Apple II, Commodore PET, and TRS-80 computers. Introduction of the iPhone 4 with retina display. It was built in Washington DC as a test-bed for evaluating components and systems as well as for setting computer standards. [3] IBM SSEC, became operational in January 1948 but was electromechanical [22] Some of its other innovations were the inclusion of a magneto-optical (MO) disk drive, a digital signal processor and the NeXTSTEP programming environment (later released as OPENSTEP). When the Minuteman I was decommissioned, some universities received these computers for use by students. Many of the 1101s basic architectural details were used again in later Remington-Rand computers until the 1960s. Onyx Systems began selling early microcomputer-based Unix workstations in 1980. Free Flashcards about Chapter 1 OSystems - StudyStack Based on ideas from Alan Turing, Britains Pilot ACE computer is constructed at the National Physical Laboratory. In 2012, Apple introduced the Retina display for the MacBook Pro laptop and iPad tablet. In 1973, after selling only 40 machines, Kenbak Corporation closed its doors. What kind of software tool are Notebook and ActivInspire examples of? The architecture that allowed Windows and IBM OS/2 has remained in subsequent chips. CHAPTER 1 questions & answers for quizzes and worksheets - Quizizz System/360 was aimed at both business and scientific customers and all models could run the same software, largely without modification. Northrop was initially reluctant to make MADDIDA a commercial product, but by the end of 1952, six had sold. After the war, Herzstarks Curta made history as the smallest all-mechanical, four-function calculator ever built. Quiz Chapters EME 4312 Flashcards | Quizlet The first advertisement for a microprocessor, the Intel 4004, appears in Electronic News. The 1401 mainframe, the first in the series, replaces earlier vacuum tube technology with smaller, more reliable transistors. The 48-bit machine used 92 point-contact transistors and 550 diodes. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. Information Management System Chapter 3 Quiz - CourseBB T/F True You can save money on your data plan by using this type of connection whenever possible for connecting to the Internet. In his book Giant Brains, Berkeley noted - We shall now consider how we can design a very simple machine that will think. The Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI) needed a supercomputer to help with the maintenance of the US nuclear arsenal following the ban on underground nuclear testing. The 400 served primarily as a game console, while the 800 was more of a home computer. Colligan, Dubinsky, Hawkins (left to right). With the success of the clone, Compaq recorded first-year sales of $111 million, the most ever by an American business in a single year. At 4 million operations per second and 4 kilobytes of memory, the 80386 gave PCs as much speed and power as older mainframes and minicomputers. Chapter 3: Computer Software Flashcards | Quizlet Airline reservation agents working with SABRE. The first microcomputers (images) - CNET Answer early modern period 1700 ad to 1899 ad 16 Title card- BBCs The Computer Programme. It has pre-programmed curricular material. True/False B. What can both teachers and students create to make a visual record their skill development over time? Types of Software used in Business - MBA Knowledge Base User interface During the 1980s and early 1990s, ____ was the dominant operating system for microcomputers. Called a complex instruction set computer, VAX systems were backward compatible and so preserved the investment owners of previous DEC computers had in software. a. Mac OS b. DOS (Disk Operating System) c. desktop operating system d. Linux 0 points QUESTION 2 1. An offshoot of the POWER XCell8i chip was used as the main processor in the Sony PlayStation 3 game console. The TRS-80 proved popular with schools, as well as for home use. What is the best statement about your choice of a microcontroller for the project? On April 7, IBM announced five models of System/360, spanning a 50-to-1 performance range. In 1977, MITS was sold to Pertec, which continued producing Altairs in 1978. The system cost more than $100 million to create and ran a variation of the Linux operating system with up to 10 petabytes of storage. What is the first step when designing and creating a web page or website? The micro has to have a real . Which of the following is an accepted design criterion for writing and publishing digital documents? Advertised as the first 100% IBM PC-compatible computer, the Compaq Portable can run the same software as the IBM PC. The C64, as it is better known, sells for $595, comes with 64 KB of RAM and features impressive graphics. In 1984, Michael Dell creates PC's Limited while still a student of the University of Texas at Austin. IBMs initial investment of $5 billion was quickly returned as orders for the system climbed to 1,000 per month within two years. Over the next few years, the basic design of the IAS machine was copied in at least 17 places and given similar-sounding names, for example, the MANIAC at Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory; the ILLIAC at the University of Illinois; the Johnniac at The Rand Corporation; and the SILLIAC in Australia. Shortly after delivery of the Atari VCS game console, Atari designs two microcomputers with game capabilities: the Model 400 and Model 800. What productivity activity does infographic software best support? MADDIDA was flown across the country for a demonstration to John von Neumann, who was impressed. The LINC is an early and important example of a personal computer, that is, a computer designed for only one user. The Roadrunner is the first computer to reach a sustained performance of 1 petaflop (one thousand trillion floating point operations per second). The NBS also built the Standards Western Automatic Computer (SWAC) at the Institute for Numerical Analysis on the UCLA campus. Powerful microcomputers developed for use by commercial, educational and government enterprises are called ____. The keyboard was comprised of three roughly triangular interlocking pieces, which formed a full-sized keyboard when the laptop was opened -- resulting in a keyboard significantly wider than the case. Tracks on the drum did the mathematical integration. A large amount of software was created for the BBC Micro, including educational, productivity, and game programs. Joe Thompson at Whirlwind console, ca. Each Cray-1 took a full year to assemble and test and cost about $10 million. The AGC was one of the earliest uses of integrated circuits, and used core memory, as well as read-only magnetic rope memory. By the mid-1960s, nearly half of all computers in the world were IBM 1401s. The ATX is the most commonly used form factor today. The inside of the Amiga case is engraved with the signatures of the Amiga designers, including Jay Miner as well as the paw print of his dog Mitchy. The Commodore 64 was one of the most popular microcomputers of its era, and is the best-selling model of home computers of all time. With an order for 50 assembled systems from Mountain View, California computer store The Byte Shop in hand, the pair started a new company, naming it Apple Computer, Inc. True The term DBMS is used in reference to spreadsheet software. Which of the following is not a quality to look for in well-developed tutorial software? Officially known as the Track Write, the automatically expanding full-sized keyboard used by the ThinkPad 701 is designed by inventor John Karidis. Invention of the PC - HISTORY The Micral computer series debuted their first computer in early 1973. Accept data (input) 2. A full-scale working replica of the ABC was completed in 1997, proving that the ABC machine functioned as Atanasoff had claimed. Initially designed for internal use by HP employees, co-founder Bill Hewlett issues a challenge to his engineers in 1971: fit all of the features of their desktop scientific calculator into a package small enough for his shirt pocket. Selling for $1,750, the Micral never penetrated the U.S. market. Intel introduced the 8086 in June 1978. The motes were powered by a tiny battery and could gain light energy through a photocell, which was enough to feed the infinitesimally small amount of energy a mote consumes (1 picowatt). The machine was designed and built by Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry between 1939 and 1942. Completed in 1951, Whirlwind remains one of the most important computer projects in the history of computing. Weighing 24 pounds and costing $1,795, the Osborne 1 is the first mass-produced portable computer. The first Kindle featured wireless access to content via Amazon.com, along with an SD card slot allowing increased storage. Walt Disney Pictures ordered eight of the 200B model to test recording equipment and speaker systems for the 12 specially equipped theatres that showed the movie Fantasia in 1940. Compaq beats IBM to the market when it announces the Deskpro 386, the first computer on the market to use Intels new 80386 chip, a 32-bit microprocessor with 275,000 transistors on each chip. The militarys high standards for its transistors pushed manufacturers to improve quality control. It performed 2 million instructions per second, but other RISC-based computers worked significantly faster. Kilburn (left) and Williams in front of 'Baby'. . After the success of the first LEO, Lyons went into business manufacturing computers to meet the growing need for data processing systems in business. 2. The Alpha processor designs were eventually acquired by Compaq, which, along with Intel, phased out the Alpha architecture in favor of the HP/Itanium microprocessor. Hungarian-born von Neumann demonstrated prodigious expertise in hydrodynamics, ballistics, meteorology, game theory, statistics, and the use of mechanical devices for computation. The DN100 is based on the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, high-resolution display and built-in networking - the three basic features of all workstations. The PROMs What made the Sacramento State computer both so unique--and so expensive--was the programmable read-only memory on its motherboard. Over 30 were completed, including one delivered to Australia. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortened the war by providing evidence of enemy intentions and beliefs. After the war, he concentrated on the development of Princetons Institute for Advanced Studies computer. Arduino soon became the main computer platform of the worldwide Maker movement. Customers got a machine with a 233-MHz G3 processor, 4GB hard drive, 32MB of RAM, a CD-ROM drive, and a 15" monitor. Built by a team led by engineers Frederick Williams and Tom Kilburn, the Mark I serves as the prototype for Ferrantis first computer the Ferranti Mark 1. Microcomputer - Wikipedia Before its decommissioning in 1952, the SSEC produced the moon position tables used in early planning of the 1969 Apollo XII moon landing. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. Assessment instruments may have lower reliability and validity when used with non-native English speakers. Question 13. Reaching 32 gigaflops (32 billion floating point operations per second), Intels Touchstone Delta has 512 processors operating independently, arranged in a two-dimensional communications mesh. Caltech researchers used this supercomputer prototype for projects such as real-time processing of satellite images, and for simulating molecular models in AIDS research. The design packed 800 vacuum tubes into a relatively compact 12 square feet. MITS co-founder Ed Roberts invented the Altair 8800 which sold for $297, or $395 with a case and coined the term personal computer. The machine was expandable, with ports for cassette storage, serial interface and rudimentary networking. Used for science and engineering as well as simple data processing, the LGP-30 was a bargain at less than $50,000 and an early example of a personal computer, that is, a computer made for a single user. According to an independent computer-industry analyst, the new Regent A computer could write it with a laser instead. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. What have recent studies of online school performance compared with traditional school performance shown? False Drivers are used to communicate with peripheral devices such as monitors, printers, and keyboards. Apple had initially included a handle in their Macintosh computers to encourage users to take their Macs on the go, though not until five years after the initial introduction does Apple introduce a true portable computer. effects of word processing on students' handwriting. Designer Thi Truong developed the computer while Philippe Kahn wrote the software. It used two different microprocessors: an IBM POWER XCell L8i and AMD Opteron. Sony had manufactured and sold computers in Japan, but the VAIO signals their entry into the global computer market. Simon featured on the November 1950 Scientific American cover, The hobbyist magazine Radio Electronics publishes Edmund Berkeley's design for the Simon 1 relay computer from 1950 to 1951. A microcomputer contains a microprocessor (a central processing unit on a microchip ), memory in the form of read-only memory and random access memory , . The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. mainframe computer. Microsoft founded - HISTORY The machine came with 256 bytes of memory (expandable to 64 KB) and an open 100-line bus structure that evolved into the S-100 standard widely used in hobbyist and personal computers of this era. Output was displayed on the users home TV screen through use of an adapter. Information systems whose purpose is to glean from raw data relationships and trends that might help organizations compete better are called business intelligence (BI) systems. System control was provided through the Atlas Supervisor, which some consider to be the first true operating system. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. For many business users, quick access to this huge storage capability outweighed its relatively slow processing speed. What type of integration strategy is a teacher using when she has her students link up with local writers who critique the students' stories and email them feedback before their work is finalized and posted online? Many credit the PS/2 for making the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive and video graphics array (VGA) standard for IBM computers. In October 2013, the one millionth Raspberry Pi was shipped. Apple makes a splash with its Bondi Blue iMac, which sells for about $1,300. Replacing their Archimedes computer, the RISC PC from UK's Acorn Computers uses the ARMv3 RISC microprocessor. The roots of the companys name came from the acronym for Stanford University Network (SUN). Within weeks of its appearance, customers inundated its maker, MITS, with orders. Each credit card-sized Arduino board consisted of an inexpensive microcontroller and signal connectors which made Arduinos ideal for use in any application connecting to or monitoring the outside world. A (n) _____ is a computer that controls access to the hardware and software on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information. The replica is currently on display at the Computer History Museum. Building a computer into the watch form factor has been attempted many times but the release of the Apple Watch leads to a new level of excitement. The legal result was a landmark: Atanasoff was declared the originator of several basic computer ideas, but the computer as a concept was declared un-patentable and thus freely open to all. Announced the year previously at the New York World's Fair the Programma 101 goes on sale. There is an inconsistency between states in the classification of ELL students. The Apple Mac computer running the Mac OS System 1 was the first commercially available computer with a graphical user interface. 1945: Memex The PowerBook line of computers was discontinued in 2006. When connected to a color television set, the Apple II produced brilliant color graphics for the time. High packaging density of integrated circuits and a novel Freon cooling system also contributed to its speed. About 50,000 were sold in Britain, primarily to hobbyists, and initially there was a long waiting list for the system.
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