[36] However, he spared Warwick's elder sister Margaret, who survived until 1541 when she was executed by Henry VIII. Henry VII was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death. Henry VII ruled - as Machiavelli, just after his reign, was to advise usurpers to do - through fear rather than love. Penn is not one to understate a case. To unite the opponents of Richard III, Henry had promised to marry Elizabeth of York, eldest daughter of Edward IV; and the coalition of Yorkists and Lancastrians continued, helped by French support, since Richard III talked of invading France. While there, he feigned stomach cramps and delayed his departure long enough to miss the tides. [41] Henry also increased wealth by acquiring land through the act of resumption of 1486 which had been delayed as he focused on defence of the Church, his person and his realm. Historians debate the extent of Henry's rapacity. In other cases, he brought his over-powerful subjects to heel by decree.
Henry VII | Biography & Facts | Britannica To be notified of special offers, news, new courses, and new tutors, please subscribe to our newsletter. In 1485 Henry landed at Milford Haven in Wales and advanced toward London. [54], Henry VII was much enriched by trading alum, which was used in the wool and cloth trades as a chemical fixative for dyeing fabrics. He created the sovereign coin to spread the message that he was King. As we know, Henry VII was true to his word, married Elizabeth and they founded the Tudor dynasty between them. Wow, it was like being battered by facts without remission for good intentions. Henrys throne, however, was far from secure. Henry VII is usually treated as a charmless and thrifty prelude to the big reign of Henry VIII, with the inevitable marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon, and the reversal of his father's bully policies for a golden age of chivalry and, you know, all the crazy shit Henry VIII was about to do. [citation needed], During his lifetime the nobility often criticised Henry VII for re-centralizing power in London, and later the 16th-century historian Francis Bacon was ruthlessly critical of the methods by which he enforced tax law, but it is equally true that Henry VII was diligent about keeping detailed records of his personal finances, down to the last halfpenny;[71] these and one account book detailing the expenses of his queen survive in the British National Archives, as do accounts of courtiers and many of the king's own letters. Warbeck was finally captured in 1497 and executed. 4. From his victory over Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth, to his secret death and the succession of his son Henry VIII, the film reveals the ruthless tactics . He was the first monarch of the House of Tudor. Through this, he found that his Lord Chamberlain, Sir William Stanley, was involved in the plot. [citation needed], Henry's most successful diplomatic achievement as regards the economy was the Magnus Intercursus ("great agreement") of 1496. The new prince was the embodiment of the red and white rose, he was the Tudor rose incarnate. On one side of the coin, instead of a profile of his face, there was a full length depiction of Henry sat on his throne with his crown and sceptre. [11] When Edward IV became King in 1461, Jasper Tudor went into exile abroad. Henry then consolidated his reign with magnificent architecture, an opulent household and money. [a] Henry's mother, Margaret Beaufort, was a descendant of the Lancastrian branch of the House of Plantagenet. Henry VIII Books Exploring the Best Books on Englands Most Infamous King, 18 February 1516 The birth of Queen Mary I, daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon. Penn explained how Henry reworked recent events to suit him. enry VII can look a dull king, so dull that Thomas Penn's title omits his name. But that's not really what I wanted from a book about Henry VII.
Winter King: Henry VII and the Dawn of Tudor England - Goodreads Henry the older was lean and shriveled, rigid with prudence, empty of any hunger other than a desire to secure his throne through the acquisition of cash. He was the last king of England to win his throne on the field of battle. [19] He marched toward England accompanied by his uncle Jasper and John de Vere, 13th Earl of Oxford. Henry responded to this threat by embedding spies into households. Inadvertently, he provoked a revolution. I found this really interesting, but Im a history nut. Loyalty was ensured, and the nobility was effectively neuteredand Henry became the richest monarch in Europe. One interesting thing about him is his early youth and the fourteen years he spent in exile in France Brittany to be precise and those, I believe, made him the man he was eventually to become. Detailed Information. Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, Englanddied January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509-47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. By 1600 historians emphasised Henry's wisdom in drawing lessons in statecraft from other monarchs. of course, a large proportion of my opinion is probably due to the fact that i knew a lot about henry vii already, and Penn tried to create quite a thrilling/mysterious feel, which is all well and good if you don't already know how everything plays out. This definitely was not that. This family took a dim view of Henry and it was John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, who instigated the first rebellion against him. [citation needed] Henry had been under the financial and physical protection of the French throne or its vassals for most of his life before becoming king. The Field of Cloth of Gold: Royal Revelry. More than a biography of Henry VII, this book is really a highly detailed history of the last ten years of his reign, and how he meticulously and ruthlessly turned England into a police state ruled by what amounted to an organized crime syndicate.
Amateur historians Bertram Fields and Sir Clements Markham have claimed that he may have been involved in the murder of the Princes in the Tower, as the repeal of Titulus Regius gave the Princes a stronger claim to the throne than his own. After Wolf Hall, I wanted to find out about Henry VII, the lesser-studied father of Henry VIII, who founded the Tudor Dynasty.
BBC - History - Henry VIII: Majesty with Menace He also enacted laws against livery and maintenance, the great lords' practice of having large numbers of "retainers" who wore their lord's badge or uniform and formed a potential private army. Penn's picture of a reign of terror carries disturbing echoes of the Roman historian Tacitus's account of the emperor Tiberius, another ruler whose abridgements of liberty followed an era of civil strife. This is why he named the book the Winter King. In turn, Antwerp became an extremely important trade entrept (transshipment port), through which, for example, goods from the Baltic, spices from the east and Italian silks were exchanged for English cloth.
Henry VIII and the Break with Rome Timeline - History [8], In 1456, Henry's father Edmund Tudor was captured while fighting for Henry VI in South Wales against the Yorkists. He had, Bacon added, much to be suspicious about, "his times" being "full of secret conspiracies and troubles". At any rate, the Wars of the Roses had ended with a victory by which the winner took all, and regardless of his somewhat dubious Plantagenet ancestry. Annoyingly, much of the most interesting stuff concerns his son, and whenever Penn comments intelligently on how the events here affected the future Henry VIII's reign I found myself perking up such as the suggestion that Henry VII's marriage to Elizabeth was the kind of marriage that their second son, Prince Henry, would spend his whole life trying to find. Shakespeare later turned to Henry's son and successor Henry VIII, whose rule brought marital sensation, renaissance spectacle and the reformation. [citation needed] John Cabot, originally from Genoa and Venice, had heard that ships from Bristol had discovered uncharted new found territory far west of Ireland. Henry VII (28 January 1457 - 21 April 1509) was King of England from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509. The usurpation of Richard III (1483), however, split the Yorkist party and gave Henry his opportunity. Though outnumbered, Henry's Lancastrian forces decisively defeated Richard's Yorkist army at the Battle of Bosworth Field on 22 August 1485. It was not until 1506, when he imprisoned Suffolk in the Tower of London, that Henry could at last feel safe. Henry VII is known for successfully ending the War of the Roses between the houses of Lancaster and York and for founding the Tudor dynasty. In my never-ending quest to read possibly every single published book on the Tudor monarchy, I spied this little gem a few weeks ago and picked it up. "[73] Further compounding Henry's distress, his older daughter Margaret had previously been betrothed to King James IV of Scotland and within months of her mother's death she had to be escorted to the border by her father: he would never see her again. He died shortly afterwards in Carmarthen Castle. I've never read much on the reign of Henry VII - mostly because to really get to grips with his policies, you first have to get to grips with his exhaustively complicated financial policies - but Penn provides a wonderful accessibility through his writing, which provides valuable context to the man who founded England's most famous dynasty. Elizabeth had died in childbirth, so Henry had the dispensation also permit him to marry Catherine himself. By this marriage, Henry VII hoped to break the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France. Penn explained that the marriage had been one of genuine love and that Henry was shattered by his wifes death. The future Henry VIII, in contrast,. Celebrating the release of The Colour of Bone A London Charnel House. Indeed he was born in winter, on January 28th 1457, in Pembroke Castle, in Wales and that is one of the reasons why the Welsh dragon always formed part of his insignia. Shakespeare, drawn to the colour on either side of the reign, skipped it. Well written and really interesting about an often ignored king. Even if the king outfaced his enemies in his lifetime, would they not forestall a Tudor succession? Henry VII comes across as a talented micromanager and financier. [51], Henry VII was one of the first European monarchs to recognise the importance of the newly united Spanish kingdom; he concluded the Treaty of Medina del Campo, by which his son Arthur, Prince of Wales, was married to Catherine of Aragon. This approach raised puzzling questions about similarities and differences in the development of national states. [77][78] His mother died two months later on 29 June 1509. The Great Debasement (1544-1551) was a currency debasement policy introduced in 1544 England under the order of Henry VIII which saw the amount of precious metal in gold and silver coins reduced and in some cases replaced entirely with cheaper base metals such as copper. [68] In 1505 he was sufficiently interested in a potential marriage to Joanna of Naples that he sent ambassadors to Naples to report on the 27-year-old Joanna's physical suitability. Up to a point, he succeeded. It's difficult to get a handle on Henry VII. Stanley placed Richards circlet on Henrys head, he was now King. [40], Henry VII improved tax collection in the realm by introducing ruthlessly efficient mechanisms of taxation. 7.1 59min 2013 16+. Bacon wanted the future Charles I to learn from Henry's reign, but the financial methods that would provoke fatal opposition to Charles look pale beside the exactions levied by Henry from often innocent subjects, who were denied legal process or threatened with trumped-up prosecutions and had to buy their freedom (though at moments of apparently impending death the king would repent of his methods and have the jails cleared and pardons issued). A King from upstart usurper to renaissance monarch to Machiavellian schemer. [citation needed], To secure his hold on the throne, Henry declared himself king by right of conquest retroactively from 21 August 1485, the day before Bosworth Field. More wrote that this King is loved and compared Henrys accession to the coming of a new season, a new spring following a winter of repression. Henry started a new policy to recover Guyenne and other lost Plantagenet claims in France. Claiming to be Edward, earl of Warwick, the son of Richard IIIs elder brother, George, duke of Clarence, he had the formidable support of John de la Pole, earl of Lincoln, Richard IIIs heir designate, of many Irish chieftains, and of 2,000 German mercenaries paid for by Margaret of Burgundy. Henry's original head was cut out of the painting and replaced at some point after the work's creation.
At the same time, Flemish merchants were ejected from England. Henry Tudors claim to the throne was, therefore, weak and of no importance until the deaths in 1471 of Henry VIs only son, Edward, of his own two remaining kinsmen of the Beaufort line, and of Henry VI himself, which suddenly made Henry Tudor the sole surviving male with any ancestral claim to the house of Lancaster. The whole system was ingeniously designed to ensure the unchallenged supremacy of the king while stamping out any challenges to his authority from the nobles, merchants, and commons. The usual courts and justice system were totally circumvented, and there was no chance of appeal other than purchasing extremely high priced royal pardons. In the late 20th century a model of European state formation was prominent in which Henry less resembles Louis and Ferdinand. Omissions? [43] According to the contemporary historian Polydore Vergil, simple "greed" underscored the means by which royal control was over-asserted in Henry's final years. After Edward retook the throne in 1471, Henry Tudor spent 14 years in exile in Brittany. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. Henry was a remarkable man. Having secured financial backing from Florentine bankers in London, Cabot was granted carefully phrased letters patent from Henry in March 1496, permitting him to embark on an exploratory voyage westerly. I was disappointed by this it was decent but I think it was somewhat overhyped.
The 6 Main Achievements of Henry VII | History Hit BBC Two - Henry VII: The Winter King, Backdating Henry's Reign The devastated King became so ill that he was close to death, but then he recovered and Penn explains that when he took control once more, he was remorseless. Sometimes when reading nonfiction of this type, I never know if it is going to be dry and dull or not. [26] Henry married Elizabeth of York with the hope of uniting the Yorkist and Lancastrian sides of the Plantagenet dynastic disputes, and he was largely successful. Blair Worden's The English Civil Wars is published by Phoenix. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509, and the 17-year-old Henry succeeded him as king.
Henry VII: The Winter King - Amazon Prime Video Some of them have more to say than Penn about the constructive sides of the reign, which developed the state-building methods of his Yorkist predecessors. The union was both symbolic and necessary. [citation needed], After 1503, records show the Tower of London was never again used as a royal residence by Henry VII, and all royal births under Henry VIII took place in palaces. They were appointed for every shire and served for a year at a time. What freezings have I felt, what dark days seen! [76] He was succeeded by his second son, Henry VIII (reigned 150947), who would initiate the Protestant Reformation in England. However, with the help of the forces of his step-father, Lord Stanley, he defeated Richard and Richard was killed on the battlefield. Henry VII is actually a less familiar figure, despite being the same person. For other uses, see, Henry holding a rose and wearing the collar of the, Law enforcement and justices of the peace, the 1486 rebellion of the Stafford brothers, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Cultural depictions of Henry VII of England, "Tudor Pembroke | Ymddiriedolaeth Harri Tudur | Henry Tudor Trust", "BBC Wales History Themes Pembroke The Main Street", "Westminster Abbey website: Coronations, Henry VII and Elizabeth of York", "Calendar of State Papers, Spain: Supplement To Volumes 1 and 2, Queen Katherine; Intended Marriage of King Henry VII To Queen Juana", "Domestic and foreign policy of Henry VII", "Queen Margaret's Arch | York Civic Trust", "Margaret Beaufort, Countess of Richmond", The Reign of Henry VII. They did as much to endanger his throne as to secure it. His second son, also called Henry, inherited the throne and became . In many ways, it highlights that Henry VIII was a feckless inheritor of the tools of Machiavellian power, but had no idea to what productive end to put them. Henry VII shut himself away in Richmond Palace from January 1509 and at 11pm on Saturday 21st April 1509 he died. [57], In 1506, Henry extorted the Treaty of Windsor from Philip the Handsome, Duke of Burgundy. Henry VII introduced stability to the financial administration of England by keeping the same financial advisors throughout his reign. 24th April 2023 - courses open for registrations. [13] When the Yorkist Edward IV regained the throne in 1471, Henry fled with other Lancastrians to Brittany. He married his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Hed achieved the impossible, hed risen from refugee to King of England.
Henry VII. The Winter King HD - YouTube His claim to the throne was precarious and was from an illegitimate line, a family who had been banned from taking the throne, so Henry needed to make the people believe that he was their rightful King and to do that he had to start behaving like one.
Why was Henry VII called the Winter King? - AnswersAll [79], Amiable and high-spirited, Henry was friendly if dignified in manner, and it was clear that he was extremely intelligent. An ally of Henry's, Viscount Jean du Qulennec[fr], soon arrived, bringing news that Francis had recovered, and in the confusion Henry was able to flee to a monastery. Happy St Davids Day! Elizabeth did get pregnant, but then went into premature labour. "King Henry VII" redirects here. He likens the beginning of Henry VIII's reign to a metaphorical spring, a second coming of sorts because Henry VIII seemed to be the opposite of his father. [10] A contemporary writer and Henry's biographer, Bernard Andr, also made much of Henry's Welsh descent. Henry needed an heir to secure his reign and fortunately an heir came quickly. The dispute eventually paid off for Henry. His claim to the throne was precarious and he wanted to portray Richard III as a usurper. His biographer, Professor Chrimes, credits him even before he had become king with "a high degree of personal magnetism, ability to inspire confidence, and a growing reputation for shrewd decisiveness". Henry VII was king of England from 1485 to 1509. There's a (relatively) brief explanation of Henry's rather tumultuous childhood and his rise to the throne, before Penn really gets into the nitty gritty details during the second half of Henry's reign, focusing on his intricate foreign policy, his increasing use of finance as a means of control over his subjects and, most entertaining to me, the various plots and conspiracies of Henry's enemies. Only through the deaths of more obvious claimants, and after the accession of Richard III in 1483, when Henry was 26, did he become a leading candidate. Anyone perceived to have any potential political power or social capital was rendered deeply indebted to the crown and at risk of complete financial ruin upon the whim of the king and his councillors. Local gentry saw the office as one of local influence and prestige and were therefore willing to serve.
8 Things You May Not Know About Henry VIII - HISTORY The Winter King is also the title of a book by Thomas Penn, and a useful read. Henry, son of Edmund Tudor, earl of Richmond, and Margaret Beaufort, was born nearly three months after his fathers death.
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