2023 These muscles can extend the head, laterally flex it, and rotate it (Figure 11.4.8). Each of these actions can be described in one of two ways. It acts as a lateral rotator and a weak adductor of the shoulder. It arises from the lateral epicondylar ridge and inserts onto the radial styloid process. The biceps brachii is the agonist in forearm flexion. , My origin is the iliac crest, posterior sacrum, inferior lumbar, and sacral spinous processes. The opponens digiti minimi arises from the hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum. Due to these attachments, the triceps is stretched during forearm flexing. Inferior dislocations are the least common and make the upper limb appears as if you are holding your upper limb upwards. Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. It has three heads: long, lateral, and medial. Next to each muscle, youll find its origin(s), insertion(s), innervation(s) and function(s). See our full, Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window), IV Drug Use Complications & Dangers: (Endocarditis, Infection, Infectious Diseases). It may seem strange that it is included in the anatomy of the upper limb. It passes laterally to insert onto the lesser tubercle of the humerus. Axial muscles originate on the axial skeleton (the bones in the head, neck, and core of the body), whereas appendicular muscles originate on the bones that make up the bodys limbs. Winged scapula is caused by an injury to the long thoracic nerve. It inserts on the distal phalangesof the 2nd to 5th digits and acts to flex the distal IP joints of the fingers. We will use examples to describe how the origin and insertion affect the action of a skeletal muscle. You'll find this conveniently illustrated on the cheat sheets. The problem? 0% 0:00.0 The extrinsic muscles move the whole tongue in different directions, whereas the intrinsic muscles allow the tongue to change its shape (such as, curling the tongue in a loop or flattening it). The iliocostalis group includes the iliocostalis cervicis, the iliocostalis thoracis, and the iliocostalis lumborum. Most anatomy courses will require that you at least know the name and location of the major muscles, though some anatomy courses will also require you to know the function (or action), the insertion and origin, and so on. However, the anatomist knows that the arm or the brachium is purely the region between the shoulder joint and elbow. In that manner of speaking, this article will explain all the anatomical aspects of the muscles of the scapula, arm, forearm and hand. However, the scapula is integral to the movement of the shoulder via the rotator cuffand additional muscles. The geniohyoid depresses the mandible in addition to raising and pulling the hyoid bone anteriorly. Memorize Muscles, Origins, and Insertions with Cartoons and Mnemonics: 46 Muscles of the Lower Quadrant [Print Replica] Kindle Edition by Byron Moffett (Author) Format: Kindle Edition 24 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $9.99 Read with Our Free App This muscle also prevents the humeral head from moving too far upwards while the deltoidis in action, as do all the rotator cuff muscles.
Skeletal Muscles (Comments, Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve) Additional muscles of facial expression are presented in Figure 11.4.2. If you have ever been to a doctor who held up a finger and asked you to follow it up, down, and to both sides, he or she is checking to make sure your eye muscles are acting in a coordinated pattern. The muscle origin often describes the more proximal attachment point of the muscle, while the muscle insertion point refers to the distal attachment. They both arise from the medial epicondyle, with the radialis inserting onto the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, and the ulnaris into the pisiform, hook of hamate and base of the 5th metacarpal. It is innervated by the median nerve, which passes between its two heads to enter the forearm. Human hands are quite special in their anatomy, which allows us to be so dexterous and relies on muscles of the upper limb to help move it through space. The origin is the fixed attachment, while the insertion moves with contraction. It acts to draw the scapula lateral, forward, downward, and stabilizes the scapula. There are major muscles that you need to know, so without delay, lets give it a go. These include the digastric muscle, which has anterior and posterior bellies that work to elevate the hyoid bone and larynx when one swallows; it also depresses the mandible. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, a branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Avascular necrosis of the proximal segment is a common complication. Although the tongue is obviously important for tasting food, it is also necessary for mastication, deglutition (swallowing), and speech (Figure 11.4.5 and Figure 11.4.6). It is caused by damage to the extensor tendon complex as it inserts onto the distal phalanx of any of the digits. This complete MBLEx prep course covers all sections of the FSMTB Massage & Bodywork Licensing Exam, and includes full MBLEx practice tests and quizzes. Agonists, or prime movers, are responsible for the bulk of the action. Supraspinatus tears result in inability to initiate shoulder abduction. Why not cut your time in half by studying with our upper limb muscle anatomy chart? This muscle song will help you learn the major muscles of the human body. It acts to extend the pinky as well as the wrist. Diaphragm *Note the distinction between internal and innermost intercostal.
Origins And Insertions Flashcards & Quizzes | Brainscape The scapular region lies on the posterior surface of the thoracic wall.
Shoulder Muscles Anatomy - Simplified | Epomedicine Some of the axial muscles may seem to blur the boundaries because they cross over to the appendicular skeleton. If the place is a bone that remains immobile for an action, the attachment is called an origin. Have you triedour upper limb muscle anatomy revision chartyet? Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, Lindsay M. Biga, Sierra Dawson, Amy Harwell, Robin Hopkins, Joel Kaufmann, Mike LeMaster, Philip Matern, Katie Morrison-Graham, Devon Quick & Jon Runyeon, Next: 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, Moves eyes up and toward nose; rotates eyes from 1 oclock to 3 oclock, Common tendinous ring (ring attaches to optic foramen), Moves eyes down and toward nose; rotates eyes from 6 oclock to 3 oclock, Moves eyes up and away from nose; rotates eyeball from 12 oclock to 9 oclock, Surface of eyeball between inferior rectus and lateral rectus, Moves eyes down and away from nose; rotates eyeball from 6 oclock to 9 oclock, Suface of eyeball between superior rectus and lateral rectus, Maxilla arch; zygomatic arch (for masseter), Closes mouth; pulls lower jaw in under upper jaw, Superior (elevates); posterior (retracts), Opens mouth; pushes lower jaw out under upper jaw; moves lower jaw side-to-side, Inferior (depresses); posterior (protracts); lateral (abducts); medial (adducts), Closes mouth; pushes lower jaw out under upper jaw; moves lower jaw side-to-side, Superior (elevates); posterior (protracts); lateral (abducts); medial (adducts), Draws tongue to one side; depresses midline of tongue or protrudes tongue, Elevates root of tongue; closes oral cavity from pharynx. The hand is truly the epitome of anatomical complexity. You will feel the movement originate there. The forearm is the region between the elbow and thewrist and is composed of an extensor and flexor compartment. It consists mainly of type 1 muscle fibers and hence provides sustained elbow extension. This necrosis lead to a flattened thenar eminence (thumb mound palmar surface). The two bellies are connected by a broad tendon called the epicranial aponeurosis, or galea aponeurosis (galea = apple). The origin is the attachment site that doesn't move during contraction, while the insertion is the attachment site that does move when the muscle contracts. Teres Major. Triceps brachii muscle:This is the only muscle of the posterior compartment of the arm. Here's a mnemonic that summarizes the brachioradialis and helps you to remember it.
Any Tips on memorizing muscle insertions, Origin, And Action? Subscapularis muscle:This is another muscle of the rotator cuff, which is deep and arises from the large anterior subscapular fossa. Thenar eminence:It consists of three muscle: flexor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, and the opponens pollicis. It is the chief medial rotator of the shoulder and modulates the movement of the deltoid. The short head arises from the coracoid process and both heads unite. One common style of the Monteggia fracture is in children where the radial head is dislocated through a forceful pulling on the arm. The muscle then descends inferiorly to insert into the radial tuberosity of the radius as well as help create the bicipital aponeurosis, an expansion that inserts into the deep fascia of the forearm and onto the ulna. Kim Bengochea, Regis University, Denver. It is innervated by spinal nerves C3-C4 and C5 via the posterior (dorsal) scapular nerve. Resulting in the inability to straighten the digit. The muscles are named after their functions, with the flexor muscle lateral most, the abductor medial most, and the opponens muscle lying deep. Facial muscles are different in that they create facial movements and expressions by pulling on the skinno bone movements are involved. The middle fibers retract (adduct). The axial muscles are grouped based on location, function, or both. For example, the brachialis is a synergist of the biceps brachii during forearm flexion. It also causes contributes to flexion of the proximal IP, MP, and wrist joints, although these are its secondary function. A rule of thumb is that any muscle tendon that crosses a joint will act on that joint. The abductor pollicis brevis acts to abduct the thumb and is also innervated by the median nerve. An Introduction to the Human Body, Chapter 2.
Memorize Muscles, Origins, and Insertions with Cartoons and Mnemonics When movement of a body part occurs, muscles work in groups rather than individually. inserion: medial border of scapula Due to its course it has a "serrated" or "saw-toothed" appearance.
Serratus anterior muscle: Origin, insertion and action | Kenhub In summary, skeletal muscles are attached to bones on each end by tendons. 2. origin: tip of the coracoid process This system reflects the bones of the skeleton system, which are also arranged in this manner. Supraspinatus muscle: This rotator cuff muscle is deep and originates from the supraspinous fossa which is located on the posterior superior portion of the scapula. It is innervated by the thoracodorsal nerve, a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. action: extend the neck ; retract and adduct scapulae, posterior It acts as an abductor of the shoulder, and inserts onto the superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus. The splenius group includes the splenius capitis and the splenius cervicis. The biceps brachii originates on the front of the scapula of the shoulder and inserts on the front of the radius in the forearm. When they contract bilaterally, the head flexes or extends. This compartment is anterior in anatomical position. These are innervated by the ulnar nerve. The muscle inserts on the medial part of the anterior border of the scapula. It inserts onto the crest of greater tubercle of the humerus. You walk Shorter to a street Corner.
Intrinsic muscles of the hand (mnemonic) - Radiopaedia and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! Place your finger on your eyebrows at the point of the bridge of the nose. Do Humans Have an Open or Closed Circulatory System? Lumbricals:These are worm like muscles that originate from the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus. It is innervated by the medial (C8-T1) and lateral (C5-C7) pectoral nerves. Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus. L: lateral two lumbricals.
Origin & Insertion of Muscles | Overview, Actions & Examples - Video The buccinator muscle compresses the cheek. It acts as a weak flexor of the wrist and tenses the palmar aponeurosis (fascia) during grip. psoas major - origin : lumbar vertebrae The long head arises from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula and passes through the intertubercular sulcus in its own synovial sheath. The common extensor origin is the lateral epicondyle. When these muscles act unilaterally, the head rotates. Tap the Skeletal System Icon, and press the Plus button until you come to the Origin and Insertion layer (the fourth layers of the system). The Cellular Level of Organization, Chapter 4. Rhomboid minor muscle:This is a smaller muscle with the same shape as the rhomboid major and lies above it. A synergist is a muscle that enhances the action of the agonist. The movement of the eyeball is under the control of the extra ocular (extrinsic) eye muscles, which originate from the bones of the orbitand insert onto the outer surface of the white of the eye. Our opposable thumb is essential to our advancement as a species. All Rights Reserved. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Anterior, medical and posterior thigh muscles, Anterior, lateral and posterior leg muscles, Thenar, hypothenar and metacarpal muscles of the hand, Muscles of facial expression and mastication. It has a long head and a short head. Thats why wecreated muscle anatomy charts; your condensed, no-nonsense, easy to understand learning solution. [3] Origin and Insertion Brachioradialis muscle:This muscle lies between the flexor and extensor compartments of the forearm. The muscle causes flexion of the wrist and ulnar deviation when its acts with extensor carpi ulnaris. Most skeletal muscle is attached to bone on its ends by way of what we call tendons. : imagine holding a suitcase or briefcase at your side. The particular movement is a direct result of the muscle attachment. Muscle memory is a form of procedural memory that involves consolidating a specific motor task into memory through repetition, which has been used synonymously with motor learning. By looking at all of the upper limbs components separately we can appreciate and compartmentalize the information, then later view the upper limb as a whole and understand how all of its parts work in unison. It commonly follows a FOSH. Use the following mnemonic to remember the origins of the biceps brachii muscle. Most common manifestations are pain, swelling, and deformity at the joint. It inserts onto the radial surface of the 1st proximal phalanx.
Anatomy, Shoulder and Upper Limb, Hand Muscles Finally, the scalene muscles work together to flex, laterally flex, and rotate the head. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide!
Muscle origin, insertion, actions and innervations! Jeopardy Template Tearing most commonly occurs in the tendon of supraspinatus. Muscles are either axial muscles or appendicular. It also acts as an extensor of the wrist and radial deviator. It is the prime mover in forward reaching and pushing down. It passes anteriorly and around the thoracic cage as if wrapping. This injury is commonly called baseball finger. It arises from the occipital bones, occipital protuberance and nuchal lines, as well as the spinous processes of C7 through T12. The palatoglossus originates on the soft palate to elevate the back of the tongue, and the hyoglossus originates on the hyoid bone to move the tongue downward and flatten it. Test your knowledge on the muscles of the hand with the following quiz. The multifidus muscle of the lumbar region helps extend and laterally flex the vertebral column. Grounded on academic literature and research, validated by experts, and trusted by more than 2 million users. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Deltoid, Latissimus dorsi, Supinator, Extensor digitorum, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Extensor indicis proprius, Extensor digiti minimi, Brachioradialis, Thenar eminence, Hypothenar eminence, Interossei, Lumbricals, Inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border of the scapula, Intertubercular sulcus (medial lip) of the humerus, Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus (arm), Lateral border of the scapula (middle part), Greater tubercle of the humerus (inferior facet), Lateral rotation of the arm, stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet), Greater tubercle of the humerus (superior facet), Assistance in arm abduction,stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Medial rotation of the arm,stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Transverse process of the atlas and axis, posterior tubercles C3 and C4, Posterior surface of the medial scapular border (from the superior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula), Anterior rami of the nerves C3 and C4, dorsal scapular nerve (branch of the C5), Superior nuchal line, external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae, Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula, Spinal accessory nerve; C3 and C4 spinal nerves, Elevation, depression, and retraction of the scapula, Medial half of the clavicle (clavicular head); anterior surface of the sternum, 1st to 6th costal cartilages, aponeurosis of, Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus, Anterior surface of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs and the fascia overlying the intercostal spaces, Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula, Protraction of the scapula, pulls the coracoid process anteriorly and inferiorly, accessory muscle in respiratory, Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula, Abduction and stabilization of the shoulder joint, Spinous processes of T7-L5 and sacrum, iliac crest, X-XII ribs, Distal half of the anterior side of the humerus and intermuscular septa, Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint, Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint, supinator of the forearm, accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint, Anterior surface of the ulna (distal quarter), Anterior surface of the radius (distal quarter), Forearm pronationand binding of the radius and ulna, Anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane, Proximal parts of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the ulna and interosseous membrane, Bases of the phalanges of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part), bases of the phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part), Ulnar nerve (medial part), anterior interosseous nerve (lateral part), Flexion of the distal phalanges at the interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part) and of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part), Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna (humero-ulnar head) and superior half of anterior border (ulnar head), Shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits, Flexion of middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints and flexion of the proximal phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the middle four digits, Medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon), Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis, Medial epicondyle of the humerus (humeral head), coronoid process of the ulna (ulnar head), Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, crest of the ulna, supinator fossa, radial collateral and anular ligaments, Surface of the proximal third of the radial shaft, Posterior surfaces of the middle and distal phalanges (2nd-5th), Posterior interosseus nerve (branch of the radial nerve), Extension of the index, middle, ring and little fingers, Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, posterior border of the ulna, Medial side of the base of the metacarpal V, Posterior side of the distal third of the ulnar shaft; interosseous membrane, Proximal two-thirds of the supra-epicondylar ridge of the humerus, Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius, Forearm flexion, especially during mid-pronation, Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium and scaphoid bones, Thumb flexion, abduction, and medial rotation resulting in a combined movement called opposition, Abduction of the 5th digit and flexion assistance of the proximal phalanx, Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit, Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit, Sides of two adjacent metacarpals (dorsal interossei) and palmar surfaces of the 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals (palmar interossei), Bases of the proximal phalanges via the extensor expansions of the 2nd to 4th digits (dorsal interossei) and 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits (palmar interossei), Abduction of the 2nd to 4th digits (dorsal interossei), adduction of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits (palmar interossei), assisting the lumbricals in extension, Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus, Lateral expansions of the 2nd to 5th digits, Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints of the 2nd to 4th digits. Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg, Narrower than semimembranosus Agonists and antagonists are always functional opposites. Take a look at the following two mnemonics! It also spreads the digits aparts during extension of the MP joints. It is innervated by the posterior scapular nerve. Levator scapulae muscle:This is a deep small muscle that inserts onto the superior angle and superior medial scapular border. All rights reserved.
Easy way to learn muscles? (Origin and insertion) The origin is typically the tissues' proximal attachment, the one closest to the torso. It is the primary lateral rotator of the shoulder, it also modulates deltoid movement. Copyright 2023 RegisteredNurseRN.com. It is also innervated by the median nerve. Copyright Action: external rotator of the thigh There are two main ones, so lets break em in half. 1.2 Structural Organization of the Human Body, 2.1 Elements and Atoms: The Building Blocks of Matter, 2.4 Inorganic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 2.5 Organic Compounds Essential to Human Functioning, 3.2 The Cytoplasm and Cellular Organelles, 4.3 Connective Tissue Supports and Protects, 5.3 Functions of the Integumentary System, 5.4 Diseases, Disorders, and Injuries of the Integumentary System, 6.6 Exercise, Nutrition, Hormones, and Bone Tissue, 6.7 Calcium Homeostasis: Interactions of the Skeletal System and Other Organ Systems, 7.6 Embryonic Development of the Axial Skeleton, 8.5 Development of the Appendicular Skeleton, 10.3 Muscle Fiber Excitation, Contraction, and Relaxation, 10.4 Nervous System Control of Muscle Tension, 10.8 Development and Regeneration of Muscle Tissue, 11.1 Describe the roles of agonists, antagonists and synergists, 11.2 Explain the organization of muscle fascicles and their role in generating force, 11.3 Explain the criteria used to name skeletal muscles, 11.4 Axial Muscles of the Head Neck and Back, 11.5 Axial muscles of the abdominal wall and thorax, 11.6 Muscles of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limbs, 11.7 Appendicular Muscles of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limbs, 12.1 Structure and Function of the Nervous System, 13.4 Relationship of the PNS to the Spinal Cord of the CNS, 13.6 Testing the Spinal Nerves (Sensory and Motor Exams), 14.2 Blood Flow the meninges and Cerebrospinal Fluid Production and Circulation, 16.1 Divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System, 16.4 Drugs that Affect the Autonomic System, 17.3 The Pituitary Gland and Hypothalamus, 17.10 Organs with Secondary Endocrine Functions, 17.11 Development and Aging of the Endocrine System, 19.2 Cardiac Muscle and Electrical Activity, 20.1 Structure and Function of Blood Vessels, 20.2 Blood Flow, Blood Pressure, and Resistance, 20.4 Homeostatic Regulation of the Vascular System, 20.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Fetal Circulation, 21.1 Anatomy of the Lymphatic and Immune Systems, 21.2 Barrier Defenses and the Innate Immune Response, 21.3 The Adaptive Immune Response: T lymphocytes and Their Functional Types, 21.4 The Adaptive Immune Response: B-lymphocytes and Antibodies, 21.5 The Immune Response against Pathogens, 21.6 Diseases Associated with Depressed or Overactive Immune Responses, 21.7 Transplantation and Cancer Immunology, 22.1 Organs and Structures of the Respiratory System, 22.6 Modifications in Respiratory Functions, 22.7 Embryonic Development of the Respiratory System, 23.2 Digestive System Processes and Regulation, 23.5 Accessory Organs in Digestion: The Liver, Pancreas, and Gallbladder, 23.7 Chemical Digestion and Absorption: A Closer Look, 25.1 Internal and External Anatomy of the Kidney, 25.2 Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney: Anatomy of the Nephron, 25.3 Physiology of Urine Formation: Overview, 25.4 Physiology of Urine Formation: Glomerular Filtration, 25.5 Physiology of Urine Formation: Tubular Reabsorption and Secretion, 25.6 Physiology of Urine Formation: Medullary Concentration Gradient, 25.7 Physiology of Urine Formation: Regulation of Fluid Volume and Composition, 27.3 Physiology of the Female Sexual System, 27.4 Physiology of the Male Sexual System, 28.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy, Labor, and Birth, 28.5 Adjustments of the Infant at Birth and Postnatal Stages. Due to this arrangement the deltoid has a large area of origin: from the acromion, lateral superior portion of the clavicle, and lateral third of the scapular spine. Read more. Extensor indicis proprius muscle:This muscle arises from the posterior distal 3rd of the ulna and interosseous membrane and inserts onto the middle and distal phalanx of the index finger. A FOSH may fracture the bone.
Major Muscles Song Anatomy Mnemonics - Registered Nurse RN You can listen to the song below, and then take the free major muscle quiz. The triceps is the antagonist, and its action opposes that of the agonist. The blood supply to the bone runs distal to proximal, as the nutrient branch of the radial artery enters at the distal pole, and runs proximally. These different roles can be described as agonists (or prime movers), antagonists, or synergists. The Nervous System and Nervous Tissue, Chapter 13. Muscle: Abductor pollicis longus - Origin: - Posterior surfaces of radius and ulna - Interosseous membrane - Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal - Action: - Radial deviation of wrist - Abduction of thumb at CMC joint - Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve. Get your muscle charts below. This is logical because this muscle inserts broadly at an angle across much of the back of the head, so it attaches to both lateral structures (the mastoid processes) and medial structures (the occipital bone). Trapezius muscle:This is a superficial, large, fan like muscle found on the back. The flexor digiti minimi brevis originates from the hamate boneand inserts onto the ulnar aspect of the base of the 5th proximal phalanx. The sternocostal head arises from the sternum and the superior 6-7 costal cartilages. The closer we move to the hand the more muscles we begin to have, as our movements require finer and finer gradations. An agonist, or as I said before, a prime mover, is the muscle that is primarily responsible for the movement described: forearm flexion.
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